Eddie is an effective communicator with his soft, high pitched meow.
Your Cat’s Meow
The cat’s meow are most common in cat-to-human vocalizations, but they are rarely observed in cat-to-cat interaction. Vocal communication plays an important role in cat-human communication, in part because vocal communication is important to the human caretakers. The meow, in particular, seems to be associated with vocal communication between domestic cats and humans.
Animal rescue workers have observed that the vocalization is not present in unsocialized feral cats, but only appears on regular contact with human caretakers. Although some wild felids meow as juveniles, they rarely vocalize the call in adulthood. The exception to this rule is the adult African wild cat but unlike our domestic cats, the observed wild cat meows were not directed at humans, but at the general environment.
The African Wild Cat and Our House Cats
African Wild Cat Image
In a study to test for the possibility of human influence on the meows in domestic cats, vocalizations by domestic cats (Felis catus) were compared with the cries of the African wild cat (Felis silvestris lybica), the domestic cat’s closest wild relative. The study analyzed both the acoustic characteristics and perceptual studies with human listeners. Humans were asked to rate the cat calls for pleasantness. In controlled listening conditions, and blind to the inclusion of calls from the two different cat species, human listeners judged domestic cat meows to be significantly more pleasant sounding than African wild cat calls given in comparable context.
Both the acoustic and perceptual comparisons showed clear species-level differences. The domestic cat meows were shorter in duration and a higher frequency than the wild cat meows. The humans listeners that participated in the study, regardless of their own experience and feelings for cats rated the domestic cat meows as far more pleasant sounding than the wild cat vocalizations. Domestic cats appear to meow at a higher pitch that sounds less threatening and more juvenile thus more appealing to human ears than the deeper pitched African wild cat calls.
Cats Use the Manipulative Meow
Perhaps these results are due to domestic cats having learned over the course of their development which of their calls appeal to humans, whereas their wild counterparts have not. These results are consistent with a theory that domestic cats have adapted their vocalization to be more pleasing to their human caretakers. A more pleasant vocal communication strengthens the cats’ ability to persuade their caretakers into giving them what they desire. Thus the use of the term the manipulative meow.
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Perceptual and Acoustic Evidence for Species-Level Differences in Meow Vocalizations by Domestic Cats (Felis catus) and African Wild Cats (felis silvestris lybica). Nicastro, Nicholas. Journal of Comparative Psychology 2004, Vol 118, No3. 287-296.